Zambia Diary | Day 11, Visit 2 | Timewarp to Mpika

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Stopping for fuel at the Serenje junction

Soon after sunrise on Thursday morning we headed out on the road to beat the lorries – well, most of them – in a borrowed car. For us, it was a journey back in time: a 7 hour trip we first made nearly 25 years ago, with 3 small kids in the back seat. The Great North Road certainly hasn’t changed much: long, straight, narrow, peppered with potholes and occasionally missing altogether: suddenly a patch of bright red earth in the grey tarmac ahead is your warning sign – slow down! It’s not a drive you’d want to make in the dark, and it’s a real challenge in a wet season downpour. But on the way up, the weather was kind to us.

We share the road with men on bicycles, hidden by 3 or 4 enormous bags of charcoal, thundering lorries and the occasional bus. However, Zambian lorry drivers are among the most polite in the world, and helpfully flash their indicators to show you when it’s not a good idea to overtake, and when the road ahead is clear. It’s impossible to get lost: drive out to Kapiri Mposhi, turn right, and stop when you get to Mpika. Still, we managed to miss the turning. We soon realised our mistake, but bitterly disappointed the roadside mug seller we stopped to ask, who thought he’d found a customer.

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Roadside sales are popular: suddenly, as many as 50 stalls will line the road, piled with bright red tomatoes and little else. 20 km further on, and the tomatoes have mysteriously disappeared. It’s chillies. Then, nothing but mangos. Honey appears for 10 km, and then it’s gone. As you travel north the sellers dwindle to groups of two or three: children as young as 5 or 6 hold up a live chicken, a bowl of chillies, a mushroom bigger than their head.

About 300 km out of Lusaka, the spontaneous waving starts: children on the long walk to school; women with babies on their backs, sometimes even the men. It seems that in 25 years nothing has changed.

There are more bicycles, certainly – usually laden with goods or people in impossibly precarious combinations, hurtling down the slopes or struggling up the hills. The record for one bike was a family of four: Dad with toddler strapped to his chest in front, Mum with a baby on her back behind, and presumably faith in their hearts…

But look a bit closer: the women traders still have a basket on their head, and a chitenge wrapped around their waist or fashioned into a sling for their baby, but a mobile phone hangs around their neck. Recent harvests have been good, and some of the houses sport a shiny new zinc roof. Even in the very rural Mpika district – an area the size of Wales, 600 km from Lusaka – solar panels have started to appear and, incongruously, we saw village huts sprouting a huge satellite dish! Mpika town has grown – and on the main road there’s an internet café. 25 years ago, we didn’t even have a landline telephone.

So, yes we did go back in time, but we started to glimpse a very intriguing future…. The next 25 years are going to be very different.

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Spot the satellite dish!

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Solar panels, a zinc roof and latrine!

Zambia Diary | Day 10, Visit 2 | Logframes, World Vision and Mpika

My trip out today on a Coca-Cola truck fell through last night which was a shame but at least it meant that Jane and I could work together on the pilot design while the hints and tips from yesterday’s session with UNICEF were still fresh in our minds. It also meant that we could meet with Batuke and Elizabeth from World Vision and Catholic Relief. They have been up to their necks getting the STEPS|OVC project off the ground (OVC = Orphans and Vulnerable Children) with wall to wall workshops and meetings. Unfortunately, one of the outputs from this meeting with Batuke and Elizabeth was that we should meet with the new Chief of the STEPS|OVC project and the head of the World Vision mission in Lusaka. However, this will not now be possible as we have committed to a trip to Mpika from tomorrow. Hopefully we will be able to cover off this meeting by telephone conference when we get back to the UK. We’d be interested in partnering with the STEPS|OVC as they will have 23,000 Community Carers spread over the 72 Districts of Zambia. On the face of it they would be ideal ‘Community Agents’ for the ColaLife pilot.

But the BIG news of today is that we made contact with Dr Nachi Kaunda and we will be visiting her in Mpika and travelling out to a Health Centre or two in Mpika on Friday. This is the route to Mpika. It’s about 650km.

Lusaka to Mpika
View this map on Google Maps

Tonight we collected a friend’s car (a Nissan X-Trail) for the trip – bless you Charlotte (again). We are starting at 6:30am and hope to be there by 2pm. We did some research today and, interestingly enough, the recommended place to stay in Mpika is the rest house in the DDSP Compound. This is where we used to live! DDSP stands for District Development Support Programme (not many people will know that these days) and this is the project I worked on in the mid-late eighties AND it was while living in Mpika and working in Chinsali (the District to the north) that I had the idea behind ColaLife. But in those days the only communication device we had was a telex machine (no telephone or postal service) and so sharing ideas wasn’t easy and so no progress was made.

I think that we will not have much on an internet connection over the next few days but I’ll catch up with the blog posts when we get back on Sunday.

Zambia Diary | Day 9 , Visit 2 | UNICEF and logical frameworks

We had another great session at UNICEF today trying to distil the ColaLife idea down to its essence so that we could build it back up into a fundable project.

We started off with an analysis of the issue and after a lot of discussion and rubbing out and re-writing ended up with this:

The ColaLife 'Issue Tree'
The ColaLife ‘Issue Tree’  (click to see the image full-size on Flickr)

This exercise clarified that there were two key outcomes that we are seeking from a ColaLife pilot:

  1. A change in the way a household responds to a case of diarrhoea in a young child and
  2. A market-driven mechanism for supplying to hard-to reach areas the commodities needed to treat a child with diarrhoea

From this exercise we went on to try and establish what outcomes, or results, we’d want to see from a ColaLife pilot and we came up with this. There are two key outcomes: the first relates to behaviour change in carers of young children and the other relates to the development on a market for ‘anti-diarrhoea’ products:

The ColaLife 'Results Framework'
The ColaLife ‘Results Framework’ (click to see the image full-size on Flickr)

We were really pleased with this because this will enable us to produce the logical framework which will be the basis of our bid for funding.

We’d love to hear what others think. Please comment.

Thanks to Jesper and Charlotte for their time this afternoon. Real progress.

Zambia Diary | Day 8 , Visit 2 | KZF and project planning

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Outside Keepers Zambia Foundation. From left to right: Ruth Mitimingi; Jane Berry and John Msimuko

Today started early with an 8am meeting with Ruth and John at Keepers Zambia Foundation (KZF). Regular readers will know that KZF are the SODIS experts in Zambia but their promoters, who work at community level, support other aspects of sustainable livelihoods as well. The purpose of the meeting was to review the outcomes of Friday’s workshop from KZF’s perspectives. As always in these conversations you learn a lot. In Zambia, there has been a bit of tension between those that are perceived to promote SODIS as a route to clean water supply and those that promote the use of Chlorine tablets to sterlise the water. Aquatabs is a brand that was mentioned in the workshop. In the field, KZF promote the use of safe water, hygiene and sanitation (or WASH) and one tool they use is SODIS, so their target is on a clean water supply and not a single method of achieving this. KZF promote the use of chlorine tablets and the boiling of water as alternatives to SODIS in the rainy season.

So I think that we should do the same. We want the AidPod to carry WASH components and this may include a SODIS bag but might also include Aquatabs and would definitely include educational materials to do with hygiene, sanitation and clean water.

We also talked about micro-finance. KZF were the only stakeholder at the workshop who have experience in this area and they work through the Micro Bankers Trust. We think that we may need to give credit to the retailers as they may not have enough working capital (cash) to be able to afford to buy the initial AidPod Mother’s Kits. This is something we need to verify through fieldwork.

We spent the rest of the day working on a new structure for the pilot. This was the ‘Aunt Sally’ we started the workshop with on Friday.

This is a 2-stage structure: a set-up phase followed by a pilot phase. However, the consensus from the workshop was that we should have a 3-stage structure: a set-up phase of two parts followed by a pilot phase. This is how far we got rearranging things (see below). Click on the image to see it full size on Flickr. The first, pre pilot, phase has two parts. The first is a set-up phase which would establish the baseline and create the resources we need for the pilot. The second part is a mini-pilot which would test all the systems before moving into the pilot. For this we might choose to work with one wholesaler and the retailers he/she serves.

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Tomorrow we are off to UNICEF again to work on a logical framework for the project.

Here is today’s podcast:

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Zambia Diary | Day 6, Visit 2 | We are off to Mpika (hopefully)

Today’s blog post is this late night audioboo:

More tomorrow.

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Zambia Diary | Day 5, Visit 2 | The Workshop

Zambia Workshop 21 Jan 2011
Group work: indicative skills and participation – for the form used, see below

Jane and I were very pleased with the way the workshop went. It seemed to go very well. I can take no credit for the design, that was down to Jane. I just did the techie bits! Jane put all she’s ever learnt from our workshopper friends into this one! Elizabeth Gray-King will recognise the ‘Wall and Hammer’ technique although we just used red and yellow post-it notes: red for problems and barriers and yellow for solutions and insights.

Everyone we wanted to be there was there – 17 people from 11 organisations. Dr Nilda Lambo from UNICEF kicked the workshop off explaining UNICEF’s interest in the well-being of children in general and ORS/diarrhoea and innovation in particular. Nilda was accompanied by three of her colleagues: Rogers who heads the Mother and Child Health team; Jesper who is a monitoring and evaluation specialist and Precious who is part of the Social Policy and Economic Analysis team and helped with the administration for the workshop.

Other organisations present, in alphabetical order, were: CHAZ (The Churches Health Association of Zambia); JSI; Keepers Zambia Foundation; Medical Stores Limited (MSL); Ministry of Health; SABMiller – Coca-Cola bottler; the Society for Family Health; Transaid and World Vision.

THE PILOT | SOCIAL MARKETING THE PILOT | DISTRIBUTION
A sample of the outputs produced through group working relating to two aspects of the pilot: Social Marketing and Distribution. Red = barrier/problem; Yellow = solution/insight

As well as confronting the challenges we may face moving forward and coming up with solutions to these (with red and yellow Post-Its), we also did group work looking at the level of interest and experience for the different roles in the pilot. The levels we used were:

  1. We have skills and experience in this area;
  2. We have data/intelligence in this area that we would be willing to share;
  3. We would, in principle, be interested in an implementation role in this area;
  4. We would, in principle, be interested in leading in this area

The form we used can be downloaded here: A3 formatA4 format. We’ve ended up with three of these sheets completed by the three groups and these will be invaluable in mapping expertise and interest in the different aspects of the pilot from the different potential partners.

We have a follow-up meeting with UNICEF on Tuesday next week to look at the Logical Framework for the pilot. In the meantime we’ve got a lot to digest whilst we start turning all these workshop outputs into a pilot plan.

Of course, we have no formal commitments yet and there is a way to go before we see signed partnership agreements, but we have made a great start. A big thank-you to all those who gave up their Friday morning to participate and to UNICEF for providing the collaboration platform.

[Those interested in the use of social media, please read on.... We met with Ruth yesterday at Keepers Foundation Zambia for the first time this trip and she had been following this diary since we arrived and so was fully briefed on the meetings we'd had and the people we'd met. At this workshop, at least two participants came with a print out of pages from this blog. So this diary is helping potential pilot partners to keep informed of developments as they happen. Try doing that effectively using email! ]

Zambia Diary | Day 4, Visit 2 | Workshop Preparation

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Tomorrow’s workshop materials! Note that this crate contains three Coca-Cola products: Coca-Cola; Fanta and Sprite. In rural areas a retailer will often collect a single crate with a mixture of drinks inside it. Ideally the AidPod should work with all the bottle shapes

Most of today was spent preparing for tomorrow’s workshop which is being convened by UNICEF here in Zambia. The confirmed attendees list has representatives from all the key players: Ministry of Health; UNICEF themselves; SABMiller; JSI; Medical Stores Limited (MSL); World Vision; Keepers Foundation Zambia (the local SODIS experts) and Transaid.

The workshop will kick-off with Dr Nilda Lambo from UNICEF setting the scene. Jane will then take over with a statement of the objectives of the day, a brief summary of ColaLife so far and a description of the ColaLife ethos and principles. I will then jump in and put up an ‘Aunt Sally’ with a suggestion of how we might structure the pilot and the partnership to run it. The rest of the day will be interactive with a participants’ review of the pilot structure and partnership roles. We will finish up the day with a review of the pilot outcomes and an agreement on the next steps. The agenda will run like this:

Agenda – ColaLife Pilot Group Planning Workshop 21st January 2011

Hosted by UNICEF, with ColaLife

Location: Chrismar Hotel.  Times are provisional.

9.00 Arrivals, introductions and refreshments

9:15 Welcome and introduction from UNICEF

9:35 Update from ColaLife with Q & A Session.
To include objectives for the day.

10.15 Overview of proposed pilot structure and partnership structure

Followed by open participatory work and review of comments
Refreshments available during this period

11:15 Group work: Exploring partner skills and possible roles
Review of group work

11:45 Towards consensus and next steps
Review of contributions
Possible pilot locations
Suggestions for high level pilot objectives and outcomes

12:30 Lunch

We did have one meeting today which was pleasant break from the workshop preparation. The meeting was with ‘the gentle giant of the Ministry of Health’. Bonface has been really supportive ever since our first meeting back in October and has provided invaluable insights into how systems work in Zambia and he has guided us in terms of the people we should meet and the protocols we should follow. It was great to see him again today. He was delighted with the link up with UNICEF. UNICEF is very well respected in Zambia due to its impressive track record over many years – people know UNICEF but they don’t know ColaLife (yet!). We will have many barriers to cross in the next couple of years and having UNICEF behind us will significantly reduce the height of these barriers.

If all goes well I should be able to share the workshop outcomes tomorrow.

Onwards and upwards.

Zambia Diary | Day 3, Visit 2 | A UNICEF day

Today was a UNICEF day. We spent three hours this morning with the UNICEF team as a follow-up to our initial meeting with them on Monday. This was about drilling down into the detail of a pilot in preparation for the workshop on Friday. This was an incredibly useful exercise and re-confirmed that although ColaLife is a simple idea it’s quite complicated when get to consider exactly how it would be implemented.

A key insight for us from today was the fact that we will be running an ‘Operational Research’ programme NOT a ‘Clinical Research’ programme. This means that we will be measuring the extent to which we can:

  1. Flood the pilot areas with ORS through a private sector supply chain
  2. Create a demand in remote rural communities for AidPod Mother’s Kits
  3. Change behaviour around sanitation, hygiene and the use of ORS/Zinc when diarrhoea strikes

We will not be measuring changes in child survival in this pilot. This would be very complicated and expensive to do and the feeling is that there is enough evidence already that has shown that if you achieve the above outputs the health outcomes follow.

We will spend tomorrow preparing for the workshop on Friday.

Zambia Diary | Day 2, Visit 2 | MSL and SABMiller

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Jane outside Zambian Breweries

We knew that today was one of the most important of our trip as it included a meeting with three members of the senior management team at Zambian Breweries, a wholly owned subsidiary of SABMiller, and the bottlers of Coca-Cola in Zambia. But the start of the day was going to be a less daunting. We were off to see our friends at MSL (Medical Stores Limited). Our last trip kicked off with the meeting with the Managing Director of MSL and, looking back, set the tone for the whole visit – encouraging, positive, can-do. During our visit this time we were able to talk about aspects of a possible ColaLife pilot in much more detail. In the proposed pilot, MSL could distribute the AidPods to the wholesalers (at District level), although there are purely private sector alternatives, and they may also pack the AidPod Mother Kits. In the scheme of things, a ColaLife pilot would be very small beer for MSL but they are still willing to be supportinve and participate. We talked about their possible role in the delivery of AidPods in cartons to the pilot Districts and in the packing of the AidPods. An MSL representative will participate in the UNICEF-convened workshop on Friday.

So that was a good start to the day. The only problem is that the battery in my Zambian phone had gone dead (not the phone’s fault but mine!) and I was anxious that I might be missing calls. When we got back to base I plugged the phone and we started looking again at our plans for the BIG meeting . . . . . when my phone rang. It was SABMiller asking if we could bring our meeting with them forward an hour.

Three people from SABMiller attended the meeting: Chibamba who is the Corporate Affairs Director; the Sales & Distribution Director and the Marketing Director. We ran through the ColaLife idea and the top-level pilot design that we’d developed at the workshop we’d held during our first visit. This was received positively and enthusiastically and we got into discussions on the way Districts might be selected for the pilot and more. There is now no doubt in my mind that SABMiller are engaged but that they are enthusiastically engaged. We are hoping that SABMiller will participate in the Friday workshop and I was told that there would be absolutely no problem with me spending a day on a Coca-Cola truck next week so that I will be able to ‘feel’ the legendary Coca-Cola distribution system in action . . . . watch this space.

Today we also received an invitation back to UNICEF tomorrow to discuss the monitoring and evaluation aspects of the pilot. So at 9am we will back at the UNICEF offices.

In the meantime, the responses to the invitation to the Friday workshop are encouraging. I think that all the key players will be there.

Here is today’s Podcast:

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Zambia Diary | Day 1, Visit 2 | Meeting with UNICEF

We arrived in Lusaka this morning on the overnight flight from Heathrow. The flight wasn’t as smooth as last time with a two hour delay to our departure after we had already boarded the aircraft. And then there was the screaming child! I really feel for the parents at times like this. But looking on the bright side the screaming stopped once we’d taken off . . . . so only two hours then!

On arrival, we went straight from the airport to the Ministry of Health (MoH) to hand-deliver a letter to Dr Elizabeth Chizema, a Director at the MoH, formally asking for the Ministry’s consent to the ColaLife pilot.

We then went to our friend’s house where we received a warm welcome but a lack of an internet connection and no running water! They’d been without internet access for 3 days – worrying! Previous attempts to resolve the problem had failed. Anyway, by the end of the day the WiMax, line of sight, receiver had been replaced and all is well.

The water supply took a bit longer to fix – the borehole pumped had packed up – but we have water again now.

The highlight of the day was a meeting with UNICEF this afternoon. There were six people from UNICEF were present including: the Chief of Health, Nutrition and HIV and AIDS; the head of the Mother and Child Health Team; the Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist and the Chief of Social Policy & Economic Analysis.

We reviewed progress and agreed the objectives of Friday’s workshop which UNICEF is convening. We also agreed a separate meeting with Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist to progress the development of the Logical Framework for the pilot.

Tomorrow we will meet with three members of the senior management team at SABMiller. This will be crucial to getting their full commitment to a pilot.

And finally, here’s today’s podcast:

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